蔡 阳，刘志雨，孙春鹏，李 岩

(水利部信息中心，北京 100053)

　　摘 要：2020年，我国发生了1998年以来最严重的汛情。水利部门深入贯彻“两个坚持、三个转变”理念，聚焦三大突出风险，完善预案体系，提高监测预报预警能力，科学调度水利工程，洪水防御工作取得重大胜利。简要分析2020年我国雨情水情汛情灾情主要特点，介绍超前部署防范、滚动预测预报、水工程调度、山洪灾害预警、暗访督查等洪水防御重点工作，总结智能感知、多源信息融合、互联网、大数据、人工智能、5G等科学技术在长江，淮河，太湖、松花江等流域性洪水防御中的实践运用，针对防洪薄弱环节和短板，立足“十四五”国家水安全保障规划，提出新时代智慧防汛建设的思考。

　　关键词：科学防御;智慧防汛;实践与思考;2020年大洪水

　　Practice and thinking of scientific prevention in 2020 major flood

　　CAI Yang, LIU Zhiyu, SUN Chunqeng, LI Yan

　　(Information Center, Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100053, China)

　　Abstract:In 2020, China had experienced its most severe flood since 1998. The water resources department thoroughly implemented the principle of “two adherences, three changes”, focused on the three significant risks, perfected the emergency plan system, improved the ability of monitoring, forecasting and early warning, and scientifically dispatched hydraulic engineering, and won a significant victory on flood control and disaster prevention. The article briefly analyzes the main characteristics of rainfall and flood and disaster of China in 2020, introduces the key tasks such as pre-deployment ahead, rolling forecast, water projects regulation, flash floods warning, unannounced inspection, etc., and summarizes the application of science and technologies in flood prevention of the Yangtze River, Huai River, Taihu and Songhua River basin, for instance intelligent perception, multi-source information fusion, Internet, Big Data, artificial intelligence, 5G, etc.. Finally, based on the “14th Five-Year” National Water Security Plan, aiming at the weak links and weaknesses of flood prevention, the article puts forward some thinking and gives some advices of intelligent flood control in the new era.

　　Keywords: scientific prevention; intelligent flood control; practice and thinking; 2020 major flood