宁方贵，雷德义，苗 雪

(水利部松辽水利委员会，长春130021)

　　摘 要： 2020年后汛期3场台风接连北上致使松花江流域发生了流域性较大洪水，历史罕见。分析流域降雨、河道洪水等雨水情特点，以尼尔基、丰满 2 座水库 2020 年汛期调度实践为例，阐述尼尔基、丰满水库调度过程及成效，2 座水库削峰率分别达到达 30%，77.5%，降低嫩江干流齐齐哈尔江段水位 0.44 m，控制第二松花江干流全线不超警，共避免 2.25 万人转移，减淹 466.67 km2 耕地，防洪减灾效益显著。结合 2020 年汛期调度实践，总结提炼水库依法依规调度、实施预报调度、主汛前预留库容、调度决策果断、及时协调和信息系统支撑等方面水库调度经验，针对水库上游淹没补偿问题未解决、河道实际行洪能力难以掌握、现有信息系统亟需升级改造等存在的主要问题，提出对策建议，为水库调度工作提供参考。

　　关键词：松花江;骨干水库;防洪调度

　　Practice and thinking on flood prevention dispatching of backbone reservoirs in Songhua River Basin in 2020

　　NING Fanggui, LEI Deyi, MIAO Xue

　　(Songliao River Water Resources Commission, Ministry of Water Resources, Changchun 130021, China)

　　Abstract： In the later flood season of 2020, it is rare in history that three typhoons successively went northward to result in large floods in the Songhua River Basin. The article analyzes the rainfall and flood characteristics of the basin. Taking the operation practice of Nierji and Fengman reservoirs in 2020 flood season for example, it describes the operation process and effect of Nierji and Fengman reservoirs. The peak cut rates of the two reservoirs reaches 30% and 77.5% respectively. It reduces the water level of the Qiqihar section of the Nenjiang River by 0.44 m, prevents the entire line of the second Songhua River exceeding the warning water level, avoids the transfer of 22,500 people and reduces the flooding of 466.67 square kilometers of cultivated land. The benefits of flood control and disaster reduction are significant. It also summarizes the experience of flood prevention dispatching in accordance with laws and regulations, implementation of forecast dispatch, reserving storage capacity before the main flood season , decisive scheduling and decision-making, timely coordination and information system support, combining the scheduling practice of 2020. In view of the unresolved problems of the upstream inundation compensation of the reservoir, the difficulty of grasping the actual flood carrying capacity of the river, and the urgent need to upgrade the existing information system, it puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to provide reference for the operation of the reservoir.

　　Key words：Songhua River, backbone reservoir, flood prevention dispatching