高芳琴

　　(上海市水旱灾害防御技术中心，上海 200050)

　　摘 要：洪涝灾情获取是防汛救灾的基础性工作，传统的洪涝灾情采集工作往往存在数据不具体、不及时和难协调等问题。为提升城市防汛精细化管理水平，快速获取基层第一手灾情数据，上海市根据防汛工作实际，建设洪涝灾情直报系统。对上海市防汛工作准备情况和洪涝灾情动态相关指标进行梳理和分类，对指标采集路径进行规范，解决数据交叉重叠的问题。技术选型中，充分考虑市、区、街镇三级防汛部门用户访问的便捷性，采用基于政务微信的轻应用建设模式。详细描述系统的主要功能、应用成效和存在问题，并提出下一步优化完善的建议。系统在 2021 年上海市防汛工作中发挥实效，为各级防汛部门实时掌握防御动态和快速处置各类灾情提供详细的数据支撑。

　　关键词：洪涝灾情;直报系统;防汛;防御动态

　　Research and practice of flood disaster direct reporting system in Shanghai

　　GAO Fangqin

　　(Shanghai Flood and Drought Disaster Prevention Technology Center，Shanghai 200050，China)

　　Abstract：The collection of flood disaster information is the fundamental of flood control and disaster relief. The traditional collection is impossible because of rough data, untimely and being difficult to coordinate. In order to improve the flood control management and to quickly obtain first-hand disaster data from the basic level, Shanghai has developed a flood disaster direct reporting system based on actual flood prevention work. The paper sorts out and classifies the relevant indicators of preparation work for flood prevention and flood disaster dynamics in Shanghai. The routine of data collection is standardized to solve the problem of data overlapping. Considering the convenience of user’s access to city-level, district-level and street-level flood prevention departments, a light application development mode based on government WeChat has been adopted during technical selection process. This paper gives a detailed introduction of the main functions, application effectiveness and remaining problems of the system, as well as advice for further improvement. The system performed well in the flood prevention of Shanghai in 2021, which provided detailed data support for different levels of flood prevention departments in collecting real-time information of flood defense and quick response to various disasters.

　　Key words：flood disaster information;direct reporting system;flood prevention;flood defense dynamics