唐安庆1，靳 君2，李 忱3 ，尹 光1 ，林思夏1

　　(1.南京微麦科斯电子科技有限责任公司，江苏 南京 211899;

　　2.陕西省水文水资源勘测中心，陕西 西安 710199;

　　3.中国电子科技集团公司第十四研究所，江苏 南京 210039)

　　摘 要：针对要提高侧扫雷达测流系统河流表面流速测验精度，关键在于确定影响侧扫雷达流速测验不确定度因素的情况，结合雷达系统理论设计，分析侧扫雷达产生不确定性的理论原因，包括收发宽波束带来的天线方向展宽效应、河面随机起伏及系统参数设计引起的不确定度等。对侧扫雷达实测数据进行分析，证实系统不确定度的产生对雷达数据频谱的影响，验证不确定度在测流时对测量信号谱宽的影响效应。针对采样不确定度，采用基于点模式的数据采集方法和分析策略，通过配置不同采样的数据集，有效降低测流不确定度，提高雷达数据质量。测站侧扫雷达系统的实测流速数据分析表明：按照相关理论对应要求设置参数，侧扫雷达可取得较好的表面流速测验精度和稳定性，能够满足水文测验的要求，更好地服务于水文测报工作。

　　关键词：侧扫雷达;流速测验;表面流速;不确定度分析;系统误差;矩估计;采样

　　Uncertainty analysis and research on velocity measurement of side scan radar

　　TANG Anqing1，JIN Jun，LI Chen3，YIN Guang1，LIN Sixia1

　　(1. Nanjing WellMax Electronics Technology Co.，Ltd.，Nanjing 211899，China;

　　2. Shaanxi Province hydrology and Water Resources Investigation Center，Xi'an 710199，China;

　　3.The 14th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation，Nanjing 210039，China)

　　Abstract：The determination of uncertainty factors of side scan radar velocity measurement is the key to improve the accuracy of river velocity measurement. The theoretical reasons for the uncertainty of side scan radar are analyzed with radar system theory, including antenna directional broadening effect caused by transceiver wide beam, random fluctuation of river surface and the radar system parameter design. The effect of uncertainty on the spectral width of measured signal is also verified which causes measurement errors in velocity measurements. Aiming at the influence of uncertainty on data accuracy, this paper uses Point Pattern Analysis (PPA) methods and analyzing tool to collect sampling data with different sampling frequency, which reduces systematic uncertainty and improves data quality. The analysis of the radar-measured data show that side scan radar can reach the accuracy and consistency performance of surface velocity measurements, which meets the requirements of hydrometric measurements and can be further applied in hydrological forecasting.

　　Key words：side scan radar;velocity measurement;surface velocity; uncertainty analysis;system error;moment estimators;sampling