刘文壮，梁文广，宋瑞平

　　(江苏省水利科学研究院，江苏 南京 210017)

　　摘 要：为提高河湖管理效率，针对无人机遥感技术观测范围广、获取空间信息速度快等优点，在分析无人机遥感技术工作原理基础上，根据河湖水域岸线监管不同需求，从目前无人机的多种监测方式入手，结合岸线监管应用，分析适用于河湖监管的3种监测方式。具体应用结果表明：1)低空摄影技术适合于小面积河湖岸线日常巡察，获取航拍照片。2)常规摄影测量技术将外业获取的影像、POS、控制点数据，采用PhotoScan软件生成高分辨率正射影像和数字表面模型，结合GIS软件，快速生成一些专题图，适合于中小型涉水侵占行为监测。3)倾斜摄影测量技术适合于大型涉水建筑监测，对涉水建筑构建真三维模型，精准获取违建区域面积、侵占防洪库容等几何信息。无人机遥感技术用于河湖岸线监测，能够有效制止侵占岸线的行为，为河湖岸线安澜提供技术支撑。

　　关键词：河湖岸线;监管;无人机;遥感技术;低空摄影;常规摄影测量;倾斜摄影测量

　　Application of drone remote sensing in river and lake shoreline monitoring

　　LIU Wenzhuang，LIANG Wenguang，SONG Ruiping

　　(Jiangsu Hydraulic Research Institute，Nanjing 210017，China)

　　Abstract：In order to improve the efficiency of river and lake management, the application of drone remote sensing is discussed. Drone remote sensing has several advantages, such as wide observation range, quick spatial information collection etc. This paper selects and analyzes 3 monitoring methods of drone, considering the working principle of drone remote sensing and different requirements of shoreline supervision. The results show that: 1) Low-altitude photography technology is suitable for daily inspection of small rivers and lakes and obtains aerial photos. 2) Conventional photogrammetry technology can be used to generate high-resolution orthophoto images and digital surface models using PhotoScan software. Thematic maps can be quickly produced by GIS software, which is suitable for monitoring small and medium-scale shoreline encroachment. 3) Oblique photogrammetry technology is suitable for monitoring large-scale shoreline encroachment by buildings. A 3D model of buildings can be developed to accurately calculate information such as the building area and encroaching on flood control storage capacity. Drone remote sensing is used for river and lake shoreline monitoring, which can effectively prevent shoreline encroachment and provide technical support for the security of the shoreline.

　　Key words：river and lake shoreline;supervision;drone;remote sensing;low altitude photography;conventional photogrammetry;oblique photogrammetry